Types of diabetes
There are two main types of diabetes.
Type 1 (Insulin-dependent) diabetes
This type of diabetes usually develops in young persons. The insulin-producing cells in the body are destroyed, and the body produces practically no insulin.
Type I diabetes can only be controlled with insulin replacement in the form of daily insulin injections, together with proper diet and exercise.
The warning symptoms of type I diabetes include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Extreme thirst with frequent urination
- Extreme hunger with rapid weight loss
- Tiredness and irritability
These symptoms usually occur suddenly and can be life-threatening. Prompt treatment is necessary. See a doctor immediately.
Type II (non-insulin-dependent) Diabetes
This type of diabetes usually develops in adults over the age of 40 years who are overweight. It is the most common type of diabetes in Singapore. Insulin is produced in the body, but it may be decreased in amount or ineffective.
Type II diabetes can usually be controlled with just proper diet and exercise. Sometimes, tablets are needed to stimulate production of more insulin, or to improve the effectiveness of insulin. In advanced cases, daily insulin injections are needed.
Persons with type II diabetes often have no warning symptoms, and only discover the disease when they have a routine blood test, or develop complications.
If warning symptoms occur, these may include:
- Fungal infection and itching of the genital area
- Thirst with frequent urination, especially at night
- Unexplained weight loss
- Blurred vision or a change in vision
- Numbness or tingling of the hands or feet
- Slow healing of wounds
- Tiredness and irritability
These symptoms usually occur gradually. See your doctor as soon as possible, as early treatment improves the chances of preventing or delaying complications.
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